Lynis is a security audit tool for Unix and Linux based systems. It assists auditor in scanning the system and its security defenses helps in improving system hardening. This software will determine system information which is specific to OS type, installed packages, system and network configuration. Additionally, it will check the system for configuration errors and security issues. This article explains about how to install lynis on Ubuntu.
Features
- It is an open source
- It supported shell script
- No dependencies
- Easy to understand
- Dynamic OS detection
- It supported 300+ built-in tests
- It supports for custom tests
- Plugin support
- It supports compliance checks
- Extensive software support
Installing of Lynis
Lynis doesn’t required any installation, it can be used directly from any directory. To practice in a better way, create a directory for Lynis under /usr/local/lynis as shown below –
# mkdir /usr/local/lynis
Download the stable version of Lynis source files as shown below –
# cd /usr/local/lynis # wget http://bit.ly/1T9z24k
The sample output should be like this –
--2016-05-05 10:27:09-- http://bit.ly/1T9z24k Resolving cisofy.com (cisofy.com)... 149.210.134.182, 2a01:7c8:aab2:209::1 Connecting to cisofy.com (cisofy.com)|149.210.134.182|:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 202825 (198K) [application/octet-stream] Saving to: ‘lynis-2.2.0.tar.gz’ lynis-2.2.0.tar.gz 100%[===================>] 198.07K 209KB/s in 0.9s 2016-05-05 10:27:11 (209 KB/s) - ‘lynis-2.2.0.tar.gz’ saved [202825/202825]
Now Unpack the above packages as shown below –
# tar -xvf lynis-2.2.0.tar.gz
The sample output should be like this-
lynis/CHANGELOG lynis/CONTRIBUTIONS.md lynis/CONTRIBUTORS lynis/FAQ lynis/INSTALL lynis/LICENSE lynis/README lynis/db/ lynis/db/integrity.db lynis/db/sbl.db lynis/db/fileperms.db lynis/db/malware-susp.db lynis/db/malware.db lynis/db/hints.db lynis/default.prf lynis/extras/ lynis/extras/README lynis/extras/files.dat lynis/extras/lynis.spec lynis/extras/systemd/ lynis/extras/systemd/lynis.service lynis/extras/systemd/lynis.timer lynis/extras/openbsd/ lynis/extras/openbsd/+CONTENTS lynis/extras/check-lynis.sh lynis/extras/bash_completion.d/ lynis/extras/bash_completion.d/lynis lynis/extras/.bzrignore lynis/extras/build-lynis.sh lynis/include/ lynis/include/helper_audit_dockerfile lynis/include/profiles lynis/include/tests_malware lynis/include/tests_containers lynis/include/tests_accounting lynis/include/parameters lynis/include/tests_ssh lynis/include/tool_tips lynis/include/tests_time lynis/include/tests_firewalls lynis/include/tests_nameservices lynis/include/binaries lynis/include/tests_webservers lynis/include/tests_squid lynis/include/tests_storage_nfs lynis/include/tests_insecure_services lynis/include/tests_scheduling lynis/include/tests_tooling lynis/include/tests_hardening lynis/include/tests_networking lynis/include/tests_custom.template ......................................
Running and Using Lynis Basics
To run Lynis, it requires root user permission and writes output to /var/log/lynis.log file. Use the below commands to run Lynis-
# cd lynis # ./lynis
The above command will provide you a complete list of available parameters as shown below-
[ Lynis 2.2.0 ]
################################################################################
comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is free software, and you are
welcome to redistribute it under the terms of the GNU General Public License.
See the LICENSE file for details about using this software.
Copyright 2007-2016 - CISOfy, http://bit.ly/1rEZidM
Enterprise support and plugins available via CISOfy
################################################################################
[+] Initializing program
------------------------------------
Usage: lynis [options] mode
Mode:
audit
audit system : Perform security scan
audit dockerfile : Analyze Dockerfile
update
update info : Show update details
update release : Update Lynis release
Scan options:
--auditor "" : Auditor name
--dump-options : See all available options
--no-log : Don't create a log file
--pentest : Non-privileged scan (useful for pentest)
--profile : Scan the system with the given profile file
--quick (-Q) : Quick mode, don't wait for user input
--tests "" : Run only tests defined by
--tests-category "" : Run only tests defined by
Layout options:
--no-colors : Don't use colors in output
--quiet (-q) : No output, except warnings
--reverse-colors : Optimize color display for light backgrounds
...............................................................................................
To start Lynis process, you must define a –check-all parameter to begin scanning of your entire Linux system as shown below –
# ./lynis --check-all
The sample output should be like this –
[+] Initializing program
------------------------------------
- Detecting OS... [ DONE ]
---------------------------------------------------
Program version: 2.2.0
Operating system: Linux
Operating system name: Ubuntu
Operating system version: 16.04
Kernel version: 4.4.0
Hardware platform: x86_64
Hostname: linux
Auditor: [Unknown]
Profile: ./default.prf
Log file: /var/log/lynis.log
Report file: /var/log/lynis-report.dat
Report version: 1.0
Plugin directory: ./plugins
---------------------------------------------------
- Checking profile file (./default.prf)...
- Program update status... [ NO UPDATE ]
[+] System Tools
------------------------------------
- Scanning available tools...
- Checking system binaries...
[+] Plugins (phase 1)
------------------------------------
Note: plugins have more extensive tests, which may take a few minutes to complete
- Plugins enabled [ NONE ]
[+] Boot and services
------------------------------------
- Service Manager [ systemd ]
- Checking UEFI boot [ ENABLED ]
- Checking Secure Boot [ DISABLED ]
- Checking presence GRUB2 [ FOUND ]
- Checking for password protection [ WARNING ]
- Check running services (systemctl) [ DONE ]
Result: found 31 running services
- Check enabled services at boot (systemctl) [ DONE ]
Result: found 38 enabled services
- Check startup files (permissions) [ OK ]
Creating Lynis Cronjobs
To create Lynis cronJobs for a daily scan report of your system, use the following command –
# crontab -e
The sample output should be like this –
# crontab -e# Edit this file to introduce tasks to be run by cron. # # Each task to run has to be defined through a single line # indicating with different fields when the task will be run # and what command to run for the task # # To define the time you can provide concrete values for # minute (m), hour (h), day of month (dom), month (mon), # and day of week (dow) or use '*' in these fields (for 'any').# # Notice that tasks will be started based on the cron's system # daemon's notion of time and timezones. # # Output of the crontab jobs (including errors) is sent through # email to the user the crontab file belongs to (unless redirected). # # For example, you can run a backup of all your user accounts # at 5 a.m every week with: # 0 5 * * 1 tar -zcf /var/backups/home.tgz /home/
Add the following line to run cron job daily at 10:30pm
30 22 * * * root /path/to/lynis -c -Q --auditor "automated" --cronjob
Updating Lynis
Updating Lynis, use the following commands-
# ./lynis update info [Show update details] # ./lynis update release [Update Lynis release]
After this article, you will be able to understand – “How to install Lynis 2.2.0 ” . In our next articles, we will come up with more Linux based tricks and tips. Keep reading!
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